website view en/doc/handbook/system-admin.html @ rev 7
English doc with Handbook (now we can work with Hg Paul!)
| author | Christophe Lincoln <pankso@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat Mar 29 12:05:31 2008 +0100 (2008-03-29) |
| parents | |
| children | cd23fe9aa506 |
line source
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24 <h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">System administration</font></h2>
33 <ul>
34 <li><a href="#network">Network configuration.</a></li>
35 <li><a href="#devices">Devices and disks access.</a></li>
36 <li><a href="#users-admin">Users, groups and passwords.</a></li>
37 <li><a href="#locale">Language and keyboard.</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#bash">Install the Bash shell</a></li>
39 <li><a href="#time">Set the system time</a></li>
40 </ul>
42 <a name="network"></a>
43 <h3>Network configuration</h3>
44 <p>
45 By default SliTaz starts a DHCP client (udhcpc) on eth0 at boot time. If your
46 network card has been identified as an <code>eth0</code> interface and you use
47 a router, your connection should already be working. DHCP is dynamically
48 configured, on each boot the client asks for a new IP address from
49 the DHCP server, which is integrated into the router, or on another computer.
50 If you need a static IP, you can directly edit config files or use the GUI
51 <code>netbox</code> available from JWM menu --> System tools. In a terminal
52 or a Linux console, you can list all available network interfaces with the
53 command <code>ifconfig</code> followed by the <code>-a</code> option:
54 </p>
55 <pre>
56 $ ifconfig -a
57 </pre>
58 <p>
59 The system wide network configuration file is <code>/etc/network.conf</code>,
60 it can be graphically configured with <code>netbox</code> or directly edited by
61 the root administrator.
62 </p>
63 <h4>Install network card driver</h4>
64 <p>
65 In case you need a network card driver and dont know the driver name, you can
66 use the command <code>lspci</code> to find your card and then <code>modprobe</code>
67 to load a module. In Live mode you can use the SliTaz boot option
68 <code>modprobe=modules</code> to automatically load Kernel modules. To get a
69 list of all available network card drivers, display PCI eth cards and load a
70 module:
71 </p>
72 <pre>
73 # modprobe -l | grep drivers/net
74 # lspci | grep [Ee]th
75 # modprobe -v module_name
76 </pre>
77 <p>
78 On an installed system you just need to add the module_name to the variable
79 <code>LOAD_MODULES </code> in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code> to load your module
80 on each boot.
81 </p>
83 <a name="devices"></a>
84 <h3>Devices and disks access</h3>
85 <p>
86 With Linux your disks and USB media are seen as devices. To access them you must
87 first mount a device on a mount point (directory). On SliTaz you can graphically
88 mount devices using <code>mountbox</code> or use the command line. To mount the
89 first disk of a local hard disk on <code>/mnt/disk</code>:
90 </p>
91 <pre>
92 # mkdir -p /mnt/disk
93 # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/disk
94 </pre>
95 <p>
96 To mount a cdrom or an USB media you should use mount points located in
97 <code>/media</code>. Note that for a cdrom, you just have to specify
98 the device path and for a flash key the mount point already exists:
99 </p>
100 <pre>
101 # mount /dev/cdrom
102 # mount /dev/sda1 /media/flash
103 </pre>
104 <h4>ntfs filesystem</h4>
105 <p>
106 If you need read/write access to Windows ntfs filesystems you must install a
107 few additional packages from the mirror. The <code>ntfs-3g</code> driver
108 provides stable access to ntfs partitions and the <code>ntfsprogs</code> provides
109 manipulation tools dependent on Fuse. Note that you can format, move or resize
110 ntfs partitions graphically with Gparted.
111 </p>
113 <a name="users-admin"></a>
114 <h3>Users, groups and passwords</h3>
115 <p>
116 To manage users and groups on your SliTaz system you must use the command line,
117 but file permissions can be changed graphically using the emelFM2 file manager. To
118 add or remove users and groups you must be root. Root can also change all
119 user passwords and a single user can only change his/her own password. To add
120 or remove a user named linux:
121 </p>
122 <pre> # adduser linux
123 # deluser linux
124 </pre>
125 <p>
126 To add or remove a group you must use <code>addgroup</code> or
127 <code>delgroup</code>. To change the current user password or change the
128 password of a specific user, you must use the command <code>passwd</code>:
129 </p>
130 <pre> $ passwd
131 # passwd username
132 </pre>
134 <a name="locale"></a>
135 <h3>Language and keyboard layout</h3>
136 <p>
137 SliTaz saves the configuration of the default locale in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>
138 which is read by <code>/etc/profile</code> on each login and the keyboard
139 setting is stored in <code>/etc/kmap.conf</code>. These two files can be
140 edited with your favorite editor or configured respectively with
141 <code>tazlocale</code> and <code>tazkmap</code>. You can modify the settings
142 you chose on the first boot by typing as root administrator:
143 </p>
144 <pre>
145 # tazlocale
146 Or:
147 # tazkmap
148 </pre>
149 <p>
150 To check all available locales or your current configuration you can use the
151 command <code>locale</code> as a single user or root (C for English):
152 </p>
153 <pre> $ locale -a
154 $ locale
155 </pre>
156 <a name="bash"></a>
157 <h3>Bash Shell</h3>
158 <p>
159 On SliTaz you have the ash and sh shell with a link to Ash, this shell is
160 provided by Busybox. If you wish to use the Bash (Bourne Again SHell), first
161 as <code>su</code> install bash, copy the <code>.profile</code> found in your
162 home directory and rename it <code>.bashrc</code>, then edit the
163 <code>/etc/passwd</code> file with your favorite text editor and change your
164 shell to :/bin/bash
165 </p>
166 <pre>
167 # tazpkg get-install bash
168 # cp /home/hacker/.profile home/hacker/.bashrc
169 # Note root user: cp /home/hacker/.profile ~/.bashrc
170 # nano /etc/passwd # :/bin/bash
171 </pre>
172 <p>
173 The next time you login bash will be your default shell, you can confirm this
174 by typing <code>env</code> in the command line.
175 </p>
177 <a name="time"></a>
178 <h3>System Time</h3>
179 <p>
180 To know the current system time, you can simply type <code>date</code>. On
181 SliTaz, the timezone configuration file is saved in <code>/etc/TZ</code>, you
182 can edit with your favorite text editor or simply <code>echo</code> the changes.
183 Here's an example using the timezone Europe/London:
184 </p>
185 <pre># echo "Europe/London" > /etc/TZ
186 </pre>
187 <h4>Rdate</h4>
188 <p>
189 To syncronize the system clock with a network time server, you can as the
190 <code>root</code> administrator use the <code>rdate -s</code> command:
191 </p>
192 <pre>
193 # rdate -s tick.grayware.com
194 </pre>
195 <p>
196 To display the time on the remote server, use the <code>rdate -p</code> command.
197 </p>
198 <pre>
199 $ rdate -p tick.grayware.com
200 </pre>
201 <h4>Hwclock</h4>
202 <p>
203 Hwclock allows you to syncronize the time of your hardware clock to the system
204 clock or vice versa.
205 </p>
206 <p>
207 Syncronize the system clock to the hardware clock ( --utc = universal time,
208 -l = local time):
209 </p>
210 <pre>
211 # hwclock -w --utc
212 </pre>
213 <p>
214 Syncronize the hardware clock to the system clock:
215 </p>
216 <pre>
217 # hwclock -s --utc
218 </pre>
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