website diff en/doc/handbook/system-admin.html @ rev 7
English doc with Handbook (now we can work with Hg Paul!)
| author | Christophe Lincoln <pankso@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat Mar 29 12:05:31 2008 +0100 (2008-03-29) |
| parents | |
| children | cd23fe9aa506 |
line diff
1.1 --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 1.2 +++ b/en/doc/handbook/system-admin.html Sat Mar 29 12:05:31 2008 +0100 1.3 @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ 1.4 +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 1.5 + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 1.6 +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> 1.7 +<head> 1.8 + <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - System administration</title> 1.9 + <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> 1.10 + <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook" /> 1.11 + <meta name="expires" content="never" /> 1.12 + <meta name="modified" content="2008-02-26 21:30:00" /> 1.13 + <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" /> 1.14 + <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln"/> 1.15 + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" /> 1.16 + <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" /> 1.17 +</head> 1.18 +<body bgcolor="#ffffff"> 1.19 + 1.20 +<!-- Header and quick navigation --> 1.21 +<div id="header"> 1.22 +<div align="right" id="quicknav"> 1.23 + <a name="top"></a> 1.24 + <a href="x-window.html">X Window System</a> | 1.25 + <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a> 1.26 +</div> 1.27 +<h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1> 1.28 +</div> 1.29 + 1.30 +<!-- Content. --> 1.31 +<div id="content"> 1.32 +<div class="content-right"></div> 1.33 + 1.34 +<h2><font color="#df8f06">System administration</font></h2> 1.35 + 1.36 +<ul> 1.37 + <li><a href="#network">Network configuration.</a></li> 1.38 + <li><a href="#devices">Devices and disks access.</a></li> 1.39 + <li><a href="#users-admin">Users, groups and passwords.</a></li> 1.40 + <li><a href="#locale">Language and keyboard.</a></li> 1.41 + <li><a href="#bash">Install the Bash shell</a></li> 1.42 + <li><a href="#time">Set the system time</a></li> 1.43 +</ul> 1.44 + 1.45 +<a name="network"></a> 1.46 +<h3>Network configuration</h3> 1.47 +<p> 1.48 +By default SliTaz starts a DHCP client (udhcpc) on eth0 at boot time. If your 1.49 +network card has been identified as an <code>eth0</code> interface and you use 1.50 +a router, your connection should already be working. DHCP is dynamically 1.51 +configured, on each boot the client asks for a new IP address from 1.52 +the DHCP server, which is integrated into the router, or on another computer. 1.53 +If you need a static IP, you can directly edit config files or use the GUI 1.54 +<code>netbox</code> available from JWM menu --> System tools. In a terminal 1.55 +or a Linux console, you can list all available network interfaces with the 1.56 +command <code>ifconfig</code> followed by the <code>-a</code> option: 1.57 +</p> 1.58 +<pre> 1.59 + $ ifconfig -a 1.60 +</pre> 1.61 +<p> 1.62 +The system wide network configuration file is <code>/etc/network.conf</code>, 1.63 +it can be graphically configured with <code>netbox</code> or directly edited by 1.64 +the root administrator. 1.65 +</p> 1.66 +<h4>Install network card driver</h4> 1.67 +<p> 1.68 +In case you need a network card driver and dont know the driver name, you can 1.69 +use the command <code>lspci</code> to find your card and then <code>modprobe</code> 1.70 +to load a module. In Live mode you can use the SliTaz boot option 1.71 +<code>modprobe=modules</code> to automatically load Kernel modules. To get a 1.72 +list of all available network card drivers, display PCI eth cards and load a 1.73 +module: 1.74 +</p> 1.75 +<pre> 1.76 + # modprobe -l | grep drivers/net 1.77 + # lspci | grep [Ee]th 1.78 + # modprobe -v module_name 1.79 +</pre> 1.80 +<p> 1.81 +On an installed system you just need to add the module_name to the variable 1.82 +<code>LOAD_MODULES </code> in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code> to load your module 1.83 +on each boot. 1.84 +</p> 1.85 + 1.86 +<a name="devices"></a> 1.87 +<h3>Devices and disks access</h3> 1.88 +<p> 1.89 +With Linux your disks and USB media are seen as devices. To access them you must 1.90 +first mount a device on a mount point (directory). On SliTaz you can graphically 1.91 +mount devices using <code>mountbox</code> or use the command line. To mount the 1.92 +first disk of a local hard disk on <code>/mnt/disk</code>: 1.93 +</p> 1.94 +<pre> 1.95 + # mkdir -p /mnt/disk 1.96 + # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/disk 1.97 +</pre> 1.98 +<p> 1.99 +To mount a cdrom or an USB media you should use mount points located in 1.100 +<code>/media</code>. Note that for a cdrom, you just have to specify 1.101 +the device path and for a flash key the mount point already exists: 1.102 +</p> 1.103 +<pre> 1.104 + # mount /dev/cdrom 1.105 + # mount /dev/sda1 /media/flash 1.106 +</pre> 1.107 +<h4>ntfs filesystem</h4> 1.108 +<p> 1.109 +If you need read/write access to Windows ntfs filesystems you must install a 1.110 +few additional packages from the mirror. The <code>ntfs-3g</code> driver 1.111 +provides stable access to ntfs partitions and the <code>ntfsprogs</code> provides 1.112 +manipulation tools dependent on Fuse. Note that you can format, move or resize 1.113 +ntfs partitions graphically with Gparted. 1.114 +</p> 1.115 + 1.116 +<a name="users-admin"></a> 1.117 +<h3>Users, groups and passwords</h3> 1.118 +<p> 1.119 +To manage users and groups on your SliTaz system you must use the command line, 1.120 +but file permissions can be changed graphically using the emelFM2 file manager. To 1.121 +add or remove users and groups you must be root. Root can also change all 1.122 +user passwords and a single user can only change his/her own password. To add 1.123 +or remove a user named linux: 1.124 +</p> 1.125 +<pre> # adduser linux 1.126 + # deluser linux 1.127 +</pre> 1.128 +<p> 1.129 +To add or remove a group you must use <code>addgroup</code> or 1.130 +<code>delgroup</code>. To change the current user password or change the 1.131 +password of a specific user, you must use the command <code>passwd</code>: 1.132 +</p> 1.133 +<pre> $ passwd 1.134 + # passwd username 1.135 +</pre> 1.136 + 1.137 +<a name="locale"></a> 1.138 +<h3>Language and keyboard layout</h3> 1.139 +<p> 1.140 +SliTaz saves the configuration of the default locale in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code> 1.141 +which is read by <code>/etc/profile</code> on each login and the keyboard 1.142 +setting is stored in <code>/etc/kmap.conf</code>. These two files can be 1.143 +edited with your favorite editor or configured respectively with 1.144 +<code>tazlocale</code> and <code>tazkmap</code>. You can modify the settings 1.145 +you chose on the first boot by typing as root administrator: 1.146 +</p> 1.147 +<pre> 1.148 + # tazlocale 1.149 + Or: 1.150 + # tazkmap 1.151 +</pre> 1.152 +<p> 1.153 +To check all available locales or your current configuration you can use the 1.154 +command <code>locale</code> as a single user or root (C for English): 1.155 +</p> 1.156 +<pre> $ locale -a 1.157 + $ locale 1.158 +</pre> 1.159 +<a name="bash"></a> 1.160 +<h3>Bash Shell</h3> 1.161 +<p> 1.162 +On SliTaz you have the ash and sh shell with a link to Ash, this shell is 1.163 +provided by Busybox. If you wish to use the Bash (Bourne Again SHell), first 1.164 +as <code>su</code> install bash, copy the <code>.profile</code> found in your 1.165 +home directory and rename it <code>.bashrc</code>, then edit the 1.166 +<code>/etc/passwd</code> file with your favorite text editor and change your 1.167 +shell to :/bin/bash 1.168 +</p> 1.169 +<pre> 1.170 + # tazpkg get-install bash 1.171 + # cp /home/hacker/.profile home/hacker/.bashrc 1.172 + # Note root user: cp /home/hacker/.profile ~/.bashrc 1.173 + # nano /etc/passwd # :/bin/bash 1.174 +</pre> 1.175 +<p> 1.176 +The next time you login bash will be your default shell, you can confirm this 1.177 +by typing <code>env</code> in the command line. 1.178 +</p> 1.179 + 1.180 +<a name="time"></a> 1.181 +<h3>System Time</h3> 1.182 +<p> 1.183 +To know the current system time, you can simply type <code>date</code>. On 1.184 +SliTaz, the timezone configuration file is saved in <code>/etc/TZ</code>, you 1.185 +can edit with your favorite text editor or simply <code>echo</code> the changes. 1.186 +Here's an example using the timezone Europe/London: 1.187 +</p> 1.188 +<pre># echo "Europe/London" > /etc/TZ 1.189 +</pre> 1.190 +<h4>Rdate</h4> 1.191 +<p> 1.192 +To syncronize the system clock with a network time server, you can as the 1.193 +<code>root</code> administrator use the <code>rdate -s</code> command: 1.194 +</p> 1.195 +<pre> 1.196 + # rdate -s tick.grayware.com 1.197 +</pre> 1.198 +<p> 1.199 +To display the time on the remote server, use the <code>rdate -p</code> command. 1.200 +</p> 1.201 +<pre> 1.202 + $ rdate -p tick.grayware.com 1.203 +</pre> 1.204 +<h4>Hwclock</h4> 1.205 +<p> 1.206 +Hwclock allows you to syncronize the time of your hardware clock to the system 1.207 +clock or vice versa. 1.208 +</p> 1.209 +<p> 1.210 +Syncronize the system clock to the hardware clock ( --utc = universal time, 1.211 +-l = local time): 1.212 +</p> 1.213 +<pre> 1.214 + # hwclock -w --utc 1.215 +</pre> 1.216 +<p> 1.217 +Syncronize the hardware clock to the system clock: 1.218 +</p> 1.219 +<pre> 1.220 + # hwclock -s --utc 1.221 +</pre> 1.222 + 1.223 +<!-- End of content --> 1.224 +</div> 1.225 + 1.226 +<!-- Footer. --> 1.227 +<div id="footer"> 1.228 + <div class="footer-right"></div> 1.229 + <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> | 1.230 + <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a> 1.231 +</div> 1.232 + 1.233 +<div id="copy"> 1.234 + Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> - 1.235 + <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br /> 1.236 + Documentation is under 1.237 + <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a> 1.238 + and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>. 1.239 +</div> 1.240 + 1.241 +</body> 1.242 +</html>