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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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4 <head>
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5 <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - System administration</title>
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6 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
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7 <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook" />
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8 <meta name="expires" content="never" />
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9 <meta name="modified" content="2008-02-26 21:30:00" />
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10 <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" />
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11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln"/>
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12 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
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13 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" />
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14 </head>
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15 <body bgcolor="#ffffff">
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16
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17 <!-- Header and quick navigation -->
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18 <div id="header">
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19 <div align="right" id="quicknav">
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20 <a name="top"></a>
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21 <a href="x-window.html">X Window System</a> |
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22 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
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23 </div>
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24 <h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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25 </div>
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26
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27 <!-- Content. -->
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28 <div id="content">
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29 <div class="content-right"></div>
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30
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31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">System administration</font></h2>
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32
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33 <ul>
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34 <li><a href="#network">Network configuration.</a></li>
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35 <li><a href="#devices">Devices and disks access.</a></li>
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36 <li><a href="#users-admin">Users, groups and passwords.</a></li>
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37 <li><a href="#locale">Language and keyboard.</a></li>
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38 <li><a href="#bash">Install the Bash shell</a></li>
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39 <li><a href="#time">Set the system time</a></li>
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40 </ul>
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41
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42 <a name="network"></a>
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43 <h3>Network configuration</h3>
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44 <p>
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45 By default SliTaz starts a DHCP client (udhcpc) on eth0 at boot time. If your
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46 network card has been identified as an <code>eth0</code> interface and you use
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47 a router, your connection should already be working. DHCP is dynamically
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48 configured, on each boot the client asks for a new IP address from
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49 the DHCP server, which is integrated into the router, or on another computer.
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50 If you need a static IP, you can directly edit config files or use the GUI
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51 <code>netbox</code> available from JWM menu --> System tools. In a terminal
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52 or a Linux console, you can list all available network interfaces with the
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53 command <code>ifconfig</code> followed by the <code>-a</code> option:
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54 </p>
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55 <pre>
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56 $ ifconfig -a
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57 </pre>
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58 <p>
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59 The system wide network configuration file is <code>/etc/network.conf</code>,
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60 it can be graphically configured with <code>netbox</code> or directly edited by
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61 the root administrator.
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62 </p>
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63 <h4>Install network card driver</h4>
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64 <p>
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65 In case you need a network card driver and dont know the driver name, you can
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66 use the command <code>lspci</code> to find your card and then <code>modprobe</code>
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67 to load a module. In Live mode you can use the SliTaz boot option
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68 <code>modprobe=modules</code> to automatically load Kernel modules. To get a
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69 list of all available network card drivers, display PCI eth cards and load a
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70 module:
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71 </p>
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72 <pre>
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73 # modprobe -l | grep drivers/net
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74 # lspci | grep [Ee]th
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75 # modprobe -v module_name
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76 </pre>
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77 <p>
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78 On an installed system you just need to add the module_name to the variable
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79 <code>LOAD_MODULES </code> in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code> to load your module
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80 on each boot.
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81 </p>
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82
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83 <a name="devices"></a>
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84 <h3>Devices and disks access</h3>
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85 <p>
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86 With Linux your disks and USB media are seen as devices. To access them you must
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87 first mount a device on a mount point (directory). On SliTaz you can graphically
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88 mount devices using <code>mountbox</code> or use the command line. To mount the
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89 first disk of a local hard disk on <code>/mnt/disk</code>:
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90 </p>
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91 <pre>
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92 # mkdir -p /mnt/disk
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93 # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/disk
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94 </pre>
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95 <p>
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96 To mount a cdrom or an USB media you should use mount points located in
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97 <code>/media</code>. Note that for a cdrom, you just have to specify
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98 the device path and for a flash key the mount point already exists:
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99 </p>
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100 <pre>
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101 # mount /dev/cdrom
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102 # mount /dev/sda1 /media/flash
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103 </pre>
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104 <h4>ntfs filesystem</h4>
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105 <p>
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106 If you need read/write access to Windows ntfs filesystems you must install a
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107 few additional packages from the mirror. The <code>ntfs-3g</code> driver
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108 provides stable access to ntfs partitions and the <code>ntfsprogs</code> provides
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109 manipulation tools dependent on Fuse. Note that you can format, move or resize
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110 ntfs partitions graphically with Gparted.
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111 </p>
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112
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113 <a name="users-admin"></a>
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114 <h3>Users, groups and passwords</h3>
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115 <p>
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116 To manage users and groups on your SliTaz system you must use the command line,
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117 but file permissions can be changed graphically using the emelFM2 file manager. To
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118 add or remove users and groups you must be root. Root can also change all
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119 user passwords and a single user can only change his/her own password. To add
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120 or remove a user named linux:
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121 </p>
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122 <pre> # adduser linux
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123 # deluser linux
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124 </pre>
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125 <p>
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126 To add or remove a group you must use <code>addgroup</code> or
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127 <code>delgroup</code>. To change the current user password or change the
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128 password of a specific user, you must use the command <code>passwd</code>:
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129 </p>
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130 <pre> $ passwd
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131 # passwd username
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132 </pre>
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133
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134 <a name="locale"></a>
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135 <h3>Language and keyboard layout</h3>
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136 <p>
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137 SliTaz saves the configuration of the default locale in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>
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138 which is read by <code>/etc/profile</code> on each login and the keyboard
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139 setting is stored in <code>/etc/kmap.conf</code>. These two files can be
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140 edited with your favorite editor or configured respectively with
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141 <code>tazlocale</code> and <code>tazkmap</code>. You can modify the settings
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142 you chose on the first boot by typing as root administrator:
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143 </p>
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144 <pre>
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145 # tazlocale
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146 Or:
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147 # tazkmap
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148 </pre>
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149 <p>
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150 To check all available locales or your current configuration you can use the
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151 command <code>locale</code> as a single user or root (C for English):
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152 </p>
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153 <pre> $ locale -a
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154 $ locale
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155 </pre>
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156 <a name="bash"></a>
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157 <h3>Bash Shell</h3>
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158 <p>
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159 On SliTaz you have the ash and sh shell with a link to Ash, this shell is
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160 provided by Busybox. If you wish to use the Bash (Bourne Again SHell), first
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161 as <code>su</code> install bash, copy the <code>.profile</code> found in your
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162 home directory and rename it <code>.bashrc</code>, then edit the
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163 <code>/etc/passwd</code> file with your favorite text editor and change your
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164 shell to :/bin/bash
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165 </p>
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166 <pre>
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167 # tazpkg get-install bash
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168 # cp /home/hacker/.profile home/hacker/.bashrc
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169 # Note root user: cp /home/hacker/.profile ~/.bashrc
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170 # nano /etc/passwd # :/bin/bash
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171 </pre>
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172 <p>
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173 The next time you login bash will be your default shell, you can confirm this
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174 by typing <code>env</code> in the command line.
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175 </p>
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176
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177 <a name="time"></a>
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178 <h3>System Time</h3>
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179 <p>
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180 To know the current system time, you can simply type <code>date</code>. On
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181 SliTaz, the timezone configuration file is saved in <code>/etc/TZ</code>, you
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182 can edit with your favorite text editor or simply <code>echo</code> the changes.
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183 Here's an example using the timezone Europe/London:
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184 </p>
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185 <pre># echo "Europe/London" > /etc/TZ
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186 </pre>
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187 <h4>Rdate</h4>
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188 <p>
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189 To syncronize the system clock with a network time server, you can as the
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190 <code>root</code> administrator use the <code>rdate -s</code> command:
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191 </p>
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192 <pre>
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193 # rdate -s tick.grayware.com
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194 </pre>
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195 <p>
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196 To display the time on the remote server, use the <code>rdate -p</code> command.
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197 </p>
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198 <pre>
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199 $ rdate -p tick.grayware.com
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200 </pre>
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201 <h4>Hwclock</h4>
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202 <p>
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203 Hwclock allows you to syncronize the time of your hardware clock to the system
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204 clock or vice versa.
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205 </p>
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206 <p>
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207 Syncronize the system clock to the hardware clock ( --utc = universal time,
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208 -l = local time):
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209 </p>
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210 <pre>
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211 # hwclock -w --utc
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212 </pre>
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213 <p>
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214 Syncronize the hardware clock to the system clock:
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215 </p>
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216 <pre>
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217 # hwclock -s --utc
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218 </pre>
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219
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220 <!-- End of content -->
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221 </div>
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222
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223 <!-- Footer. -->
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224 <div id="footer">
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225 <div class="footer-right"></div>
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226 <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> |
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227 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
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228 </div>
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229
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230 <div id="copy">
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231 Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> -
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232 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br />
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233 Documentation is under
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234 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
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235 and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>.
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236 </div>
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237
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238 </body>
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239 </html>
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